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RESUMEN Introducción: el glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto es el tipo más común y representa la segunda causa de ceguera irreversible, por lo que es una enfermedad compleja y heterogénea. Objetivo: caracterizar de forma clínica a los pacientes atendidos en la consulta provincial de glaucoma de Pinar del Río, durante el periodo 2017 a 2018. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se examinaron 1 447 pacientes en la consulta provincial de glaucoma, con el diagnóstico de glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto, en el período enero 2017- diciembre del 2018. Resultados: el 67,3 % de los pacientes estudiados pertenecieron al grupo etario de 60-80 años de edad y el 70 % eran del sexo masculino. El 37,8 % tenían un color de la piel mestizo. El 68,7 % presentaron un glaucoma leve y el 89,8 % tenían una agudeza visual entre 1,0-0,3. El 68,7 % de los pacientes tenían una tensión ocular por debajo de 21 mmHg. El 75,2 % de los pacientes tenían un tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad de más de cinco años y el 89,4 % llevaba tratamiento médico. Conclusiones: el glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto fue más frecuente en edades avanzadas, en el sexo masculino y en los mestizos. La mayoría tenía buena agudeza visual mejor corregida en su mejor ojo y tensiones oculares normales. Prevaleció el glaucoma leve, con un tiempo de evolución de más de cinco años y con tratamiento médico para el control de la enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Introduction: primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type and represents the second cause of irreversible blindness, being a complex and heterogeneous disease. Objective: to characterize from the clinical point of view the patients who attended the provincial clinic of glaucoma during January 2017-December 2018. Methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study. A total of 1447 patients were examined at the provincial clinic of glaucoma, with the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma in the period January 2017-December 2018. The variables included were: age, sex, skin color, and better corrected visual acuity in the best eye, ocular tension, glaucoma severity, evolution time and treatment at the time of study. Results: 67,3 % of the patients studied belonged to the age group of 60-80 years old and 70 % were male. The 37,8 % were people of mixed race, the 68,7 % presented a mild glaucoma and 89,8 % had a visual acuity between 1.0-0.3; 68,7 % of the patients had an ocular pressure below 21 mmHg; 75,2 % of the patients had a disease evolution time of more than 5 years and 89,4 % underwent medical treatment. Conclusions: primary open-angle glaucoma was more frequent in advanced ages, in males and in people of mixed race. The majority had good visual acuity and a better correction in their best eye and normal ocular pressure. Mild glaucoma prevailed, with an evolution time of more than 5 years and with medical treatment for the control of the disease.
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Abstract This article reports two cases of Straatsma Syndrome, a rare disease, emphasizing its clinical features that inclued myopia, strabismus and amblyopia associated with persistent myelinated fibers in the retina. Ophthalmic examination, color retinography and optical coherence tomography were performed.
Resumo Este artigo relata dois casos de síndrome de Straatsma, uma doença rara, enfatizando suas características clínicas que incluem miopia, estrabismo e ambliopia associada a persistência de fibras de mielina na retina. Foram realizados exame oftalmológico, retinografia e tomografia de coerência óptica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Amblyopia/diagnosis , Strabismus/diagnosis , Myopia/diagnosis , Ophthalmoscopy , Refraction, Ocular , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Syndrome , Visual Acuity , Eyeglasses , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/pathologyABSTRACT
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can depict mild papilledema and slight changes in the internal segment and external segment; measure thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer,retinal thickness and macular volume; detect missing axons and damage to the macular ganglion cell complex.Thus,OCT has important application values and widespread prospects in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of glaucoma and non-glaucoma optic neuropathy,optic nerve diseases and macular diseases,outer and inner retinopathy as well as evaluation of curative effects,follow-up observation,prognosis and mechanisms in neuroophthalmological diseases.Neuro-ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the exploration and application of OCT in the field of neuro-ophthalmology.
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Functional imaging is a newly arisen interdisciplinary subject compared with the routine radiology displaying anatomy and morphology of lesions. It can exhibit the function-changed information, such as blood flow and metabolism of organs and tissues as visual images or data to provide organizational functions and metabolic information, which makes early diagnosis, more accurate orientation, qualitative definition, and also the prognosis judgment. The ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the functional imaging applications in the field of neuro-ophthalmology.
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Objective To study prospectively the morphological relations among hemorrhage of optic disc, defect of retinal nerve fiber layer, and peripapillary atrophy in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to evaluate the relations among hemorrhage of optic disc, defect of retinal nerve fiber layer, and peripapillary atrophy by using stereo ocular fundus photography and computer analyzer systems. Results In 37 patients (42 eyes) in NTG hemorrhage group, 50 hemorrhagic spots at optic disc was found, including coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer in 35 eyes (83.3%)(35/42). In 35 patients (40 eyes) in non-hemorrahge group, partial coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer was found in 21 eyes (52.5%)(21/40). The difference of incidence of coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer between the two groups was not significant (?2=1.403, P=0.236). The incidence of atrophic arc in hemorrhage group differed much from which in non-hemorrhage group (?2=7.008, P=0.008). The area of atrophic arc at ?section in hemorrhage group [(2.05?0.88)mm2] was significantly different from which in non-hemorrhage group [(1.42?0.53)mm2] (t=-2.618, P=0.012). In the follow-up period, the difference of incidence of disc-rim loss between hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage group was significant, (?2=5.802, P=0.016); while the difference of the incidence of visual field defect between the two groups was not. Conclusion In eyes with NTG, hemorrhage of optic disc, coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer and atrophic arc are closely related. More disc-rim loss and changes of atrophic-arc area in hemorrhage group in the follow-up period suggests that hemorrhage of optic disc is the risk factor of development of NTG.
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0.05), higher than those in the nighttime (t=3.63,3.16;P
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Objective To observe the characteristics of indocyanine green angiography and fundus fluorescein angiography (ICGA& FFA) in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy ( AION ) , and to investigate the etiology of AION and the value of ICGA and FFA in the diagnosis and study of AION. Methods Simultaneous ICGA and FFA were performed on 32 eyes of 31 AION patients and 38 eyes of 38 non AION patients. Results The eyes that all or a part of the optic disc lies in the watershed zones of the choroidal blood supply were significantly more in the AION group than those in the non AION group (P